In this paper, we focus on the mutual coupling effect for massive MIMO systems with maximal ratio transmission (MRT), zero-forcing (ZF), regularize ZF (RZF), and minimum mean square error (MMSE) precoding to solve the mutual coupling problem. However, the mutual coupling effect due to the compact antenna array gives misleading results in massive MIMO communication systems. By exploiting appropriate downlink precoding algorithms, base stations (BSs) equipped with a large number of antennas are able to provide service to multiple users as well as several cells at the same time and frequency. Massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) is a profitable technique to greatly boost spectral efficiency, which has been embraced by the fifth-generation (5G) and sixth-generation (6G) mobile communication systems.
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